The launch of a new map utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) technology is set to revolutionize the way under-mapped areas are identified and understood. In a joint effort between the United Nations and Google, a groundbreaking map has been unveiled to provide high-resolution building footprints and heights in Africa and other regions of the global South. This innovative map covers data from 2016 to 2023, shedding light on areas that were previously only mapped with low-quality images, making it difficult to track changes in settlements over time and understand the daily lives of inhabitants.
Utilizing AI, the team behind this initiative was able to extract building footprints and heights from low-resolution satellite images that are captured every five days. This technological advancement is crucial in addressing the challenges faced by many regions in the global South, where the lack of accurate mapping data hinders the delivery of essential services, vaccination campaigns, and emergency response efforts.
John Quinn, a researcher at Google, highlighted the importance of accurate mapping, stating, “Not knowing where buildings are is a big problem for lots of practical reasons. If you’re creating services or vaccination campaigns or rescuing people after an emergency, this is an issue.” The goal of this project is to empower decision-makers in the global South with the same tools and resources that are readily available in more developed regions.
Abdoulaye Diack, a program manager involved in the project, emphasized the importance of providing policymakers in the global South with access to cutting-edge technology. By equipping them with accurate mapping data, it enables them to make informed decisions that can positively impact their communities and address pressing challenges.
The AI model developed for this mapping project has been trained to identify different types of buildings and settlements, including temporary structures such as refugee camps. By analyzing satellite images taken regularly, the AI can track changes in settlements over time, providing valuable insights into population dynamics and urban development.
While the AI technology has its limitations, such as the inability to identify improvised shelters or tents, it represents a significant step forward in mapping accuracy. The AI’s effectiveness is also influenced by weather conditions, as clear skies are necessary for accurate building identification. Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of accurate mapping data far outweigh the limitations.
One of the key advantages of accurate mapping is its role in determining population sizes in areas where censuses are rare or outdated. In regions affected by conflict or instability, conducting comprehensive censuses can be challenging, leading to inaccurate population estimates. The availability of high-resolution mapping data can assist organizations like WorldPop in accurately calculating population figures and ensuring that resources are distributed equitably.
WorldPop, a research company affiliated with the University of Southampton, is leveraging the AI-generated dataset to improve population estimates in various countries worldwide. By combining accurate mapping data with demographic analysis, researchers can better understand population trends and address disparities in service delivery, particularly in areas with limited access to essential services like healthcare.
Professor Andrew Tatem, director of the WorldPop team, emphasized the importance of understanding population distribution for equitable resource allocation and service delivery. He stated, “Understanding where people live is vital for making sure that resources are distributed fairly and that no one is left behind in delivering services like healthcare.” The integration of AI technology in mapping efforts is a significant step toward achieving this goal and ensuring that marginalized communities receive the support they need.
Overall, the launch of this AI-generated map represents a significant milestone in the field of mapping and data analysis. By harnessing the power of AI, researchers and policymakers can gain valuable insights into under-mapped areas, track changes in settlements over time, and improve population estimates for more effective resource allocation. The potential applications of this technology are vast, offering new opportunities to address pressing global challenges and empower communities in the global South.
By embracing innovation and leveraging AI technology, we can unlock a wealth of possibilities for understanding and addressing the complex realities of under-mapped regions around the world.