In the movie Awakenings, Robert De Niro’s character talks about how people have forgotten what it means to truly be alive. This movie is based on a true story about a disease called encephalitis lethargica, also known as the “sleepy sickness.” This disease affected millions of people worldwide during and after the first world war, but then it disappeared, leaving behind a mystery that has puzzled scientists for the past century.
Encephalitis lethargica was first described by a neurologist in Vienna in 1917. It started with symptoms similar to the flu, but then progressed in a strange way. Some people couldn’t sleep at all, while others were so drowsy they could only be awakened for a few minutes to eat. Many died in the early stages, but those who survived experienced stiffness, slowness in movements, and even problems with their eyes getting stuck in certain positions. Some even ended up in a frozen state, unable to speak or move, like De Niro’s character in the movie.
But the mysteries of this disease didn’t end there. Some survivors developed monotonous or slurred speech, changes in mood, perceptions, and even personality. In a study conducted by scientists, some patients even developed kleptomania, a compulsive stealing disorder, as part of their illness.
The cause of encephalitis lethargica has remained a puzzle for scientists. Some have suggested it may have been related to an infection, like the Spanish flu that occurred around the same time. However, no influenza virus has been found in the brains of affected individuals. Others have speculated about environmental factors or new chemicals used during the first world war, but no clear link has been established.
Recently, a new theory has emerged suggesting that autoimmune processes may be involved in encephalitis lethargica. This means that the body’s immune system may have attacked the brain, leading to the range of symptoms observed in patients. While this theory is promising, it doesn’t fully explain how the disease emerged so suddenly and caused such diverse symptoms.
Understanding the origins of encephalitis lethargica is not just about solving a historical mystery. It is also crucial for preparing for future neurological epidemics. By unraveling the causes of this disease, scientists can better understand how similar outbreaks may occur in the future and develop strategies to prevent and treat them effectively.
In conclusion, the mystery of encephalitis lethargica continues to intrigue scientists, and new theories are being explored to uncover the origins of this puzzling disease. By delving into the past, researchers hope to shed light on how to prevent and manage potential neurological epidemics in the future.