The Midwest is currently experiencing a heat wave that is sending temperatures soaring and humidity levels skyrocketing. This unusual weather phenomenon, coupled with a concept known as “corn sweat,” is impacting the region and pushing the heat index to dangerous levels. The combination of high temperatures, humidity, and lack of relief at night poses significant risks to the health and safety of residents in the area.
The Impact of the Heat Wave
The heat wave sweeping across the Midwest is bringing temperatures into the mid- and upper 90s Fahrenheit, which is 10 to 15 degrees above normal for this time of year. This surge in temperatures is attributed to an atmospheric high-pressure area that has moved into the region from the Southwest. These high-pressure areas, also known as ridges, block incoming storms that could bring cooler conditions, resulting in clear skies that allow the sun’s rays to heat up the ground even more.
Andrew Taylor, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service’s Chicago office, describes this heat wave as “a strong ridge even for midsummer,” emphasizing the potential for daily temperature records to be tied or broken. The extreme heat is not only uncomfortable but also poses health risks to those exposed to it for prolonged periods.
The Role of “Corn Sweat”
In addition to the high temperatures, the humidity in the Midwest is being fueled by a phenomenon known as “corn sweat.” This occurs when crops like corn and soybeans release moisture into the air as temperatures rise—a process known as evapotranspiration. The moisture released by these crops, combined with moist air streaming up from the Gulf of Mexico, is contributing to dew points as high as the 60s and 70s Fahrenheit in some areas.
The influx of moisture from both sources is making it harder for the body to cool itself through perspiration, as the air is already saturated with moisture. This elevated humidity levels increase the risks of heat-related illnesses, especially for those engaging in outdoor activities or high exertion tasks.
Health Risks and Precautions
As temperatures and humidity levels rise, the risks of heat illness also increase significantly. Heat indices, which indicate how much hotter the temperature feels due to humidity, are expected to reach 105 to 115 degrees Fahrenheit in the worst-affected areas of the Midwest. This combination of high temperatures and humidity can lead to heat exhaustion, characterized by fatigue, dizziness, nausea, and a cessation of sweating.
Meteorologists are urging caution for individuals engaging in outdoor activities, especially during the late morning to early evening hours when temperatures peak. Taking frequent breaks in shaded or air-conditioned areas, staying hydrated, and limiting outdoor exposure are essential precautions to mitigate the risks of heat-related illnesses.
Special attention should be given to at-risk groups such as young children, older adults, individuals with certain health conditions, outdoor workers, and the unhoused population. The current heat wave coincides with events like state fairs and college move-in days, where large gatherings outdoors increase the risks of heat-related health concerns.
Climate Change and Heat Waves
Heat waves like the one affecting the Midwest are not uncommon, but they are becoming more intense and frequent due to climate change. The increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, primarily from burning fossil fuels, trap heat and contribute to rising temperatures. As a result, extreme weather events like heat waves are becoming more severe and impactful on communities.
While the current heat wave is expected to subside with the arrival of a slow-moving cold front, the underlying issue of climate change continues to pose long-term challenges for weather patterns and temperatures. It is crucial for individuals and communities to adapt to these changing conditions and take proactive measures to mitigate the impacts of extreme heat events.
As the Midwest grapples with the effects of the ongoing heat wave, it serves as a stark reminder of the importance of addressing climate change and its implications on weather patterns and public health. By understanding the factors contributing to extreme weather events like heat waves and taking appropriate precautions, individuals can better protect themselves and their communities from the risks associated with rising temperatures and humidity levels.
