The seasonal flu can lead to severe complications, including overblown immune reactions, lung damage, and heart inflammation. Each year, about 8% of people in the United States get sick with influenza, with thousands dying annually. Certain groups, such as children under 5, adults 65 and older, people with chronic health conditions, and pregnant individuals, are at higher risk of developing severe flu infections that could be fatal.
There are various ways in which people can die from the flu. Influenza viruses can cause damage to organs and systems throughout the body, including the lungs, heart, brain, and immune system. Complications such as pneumonia, which inflames the air sacs of the lungs, can be life-threatening. The flu can also lead to bacterial pneumonia by damaging cells in the respiratory tract, allowing bacteria to overgrow and cause further inflammation.
In addition to affecting the lungs, the flu can also impact the heart, leading to conditions like myocarditis and acute pericarditis, which can disrupt the heart’s ability to function properly. Rarely, the flu can cause encephalitis, swelling of the brain, which can result in serious complications and even death. Sepsis, a body-wide immune response, can also be triggered by the flu, leading to life-threatening consequences.
Older adults, young children, individuals with chronic medical conditions, and pregnant people are at a higher risk of developing severe complications from the flu due to the state of their immune systems. Senescence in older adults, immune system changes during pregnancy, and the developing immune system in children all contribute to increased vulnerability to flu-related complications. Chronic medical conditions can also raise the risk of severe flu infections and complications.
Fortunately, flu vaccines can help prevent severe flu infections and their deadly consequences. For those who do develop severe flu infections, treatments like Tamiflu can significantly reduce the risk of death if administered promptly. It is important for everyone over the age of 6 months to be vaccinated for the flu each year to protect themselves and others from the potentially fatal effects of the virus.
It is essential to understand the risks and potential complications associated with the flu to take preventive measures and seek prompt medical attention if needed. By staying informed and following recommended guidelines for flu prevention and treatment, individuals can reduce their risk of severe illness and death from the flu.
