Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a condition that causes symptoms like abdominal pain and changes in bowel movements. The type of IBS a person has can vary from constipation, diarrhea, or a combination of both. Other symptoms may include abdominal cramping, bloating, or whitish mucus in the stool. People with IBS may feel like they haven’t completed a bowel movement, and the condition can differ from person to person.
The cause of IBS is not clearly known, but it is considered a functional gastrointestinal disorder. This means there is an issue with how the brain and gut function together, leading to increased sensitivity in the gut, bloating, and abdominal pain. IBS affects about 12% of people in the United States, with more women affected than men, and symptoms may worsen during menstruation. Risk factors for IBS include a family history of the condition, stressful life events, mental disorders like depression or anxiety, bacterial infections, and food sensitivities.
Diagnosing IBS involves ruling out other conditions through tests like blood tests, stool tests, and sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. People with IBS may also have other conditions like chronic pain, fibromyalgia, or indigestion. Treatment for IBS can involve dietary changes, stress management, medications for diarrhea or constipation, and probiotics. Probiotics are live microorganisms with health benefits, while prebiotics are specialized plant fibers that nourish good bacteria in the gut.
Managing IBS symptoms may also involve increasing physical activity, getting enough sleep, and exploring mental health and relaxation therapies. Certain diets like the low FODMAP diet, which avoids hard-to-digest foods, may be helpful for some individuals. Keeping a food diary can help identify trigger foods that worsen symptoms. It’s important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any treatment for IBS.
The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health offers information on various IBS treatment methods, including probiotics, acupuncture, peppermint oil, and hypnotherapy. By exploring different approaches, individuals with IBS can find strategies to help manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
