A recent study has uncovered a simple brain circuit in mice that controls appetite, consisting of three types of neurons. These neurons work together to suppress or enhance appetite, leading mice to eat less or more food. The first type of neurons detect hunger-signaling hormones, the second type controls brain activity, and the third type directs the movements needed for chewing.
This three-part circuit functions like a reflex, similar to pulling your hand away from a hot object without conscious thought. The stimulus for this reflex is hunger-signaling hormones, and the response is chewing. While this study was conducted in mice, researchers believe that a similar circuit may exist in humans, potentially changing the understanding of obesity.
Obesity has been viewed as a chronic disease with various causes, including genetics, rather than simply a consequence of personal eating choices. The study supports the set point theory, suggesting that the body tries to maintain a constant weight through physiological mechanisms. Disruption of hunger-controlling hormone signaling can lead to overeating and obesity.
Research has shown that neurons in the hypothalamus region of the brain play a role in regulating appetite and are targeted by weight-loss drugs. The study found that neurons producing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are activated in obese mice, suppressing their appetites. When these neurons were turned off, the mice ate significantly more food, even attempting to eat non-food objects.
The researchers believe that humans likely have a similar hunger control system in their brains. Future studies will explore how this circuit may change in different emotional states, such as anxiety. Overall, this research sheds light on the complex mechanisms behind appetite regulation and obesity.
In addition to the study findings, Emily, a health news writer, provides insight into the significance of this research. With a background in biology and neuroscience, she highlights the implications of the study on obesity and appetite control. Emily’s expertise adds depth to the discussion of the study’s findings and their potential impact on future research in the field of neuroscience and obesity.
