New Study Reveals Potential Hazards of Moonquakes on Artemis Moon Missions
The moon’s Malapert Massif, believed to be a remnant of the South Pole-Aitken basin rim, has been chosen as a potential landing site for Artemis 3 missions. This selection comes after recent research highlighted the susceptibility of landing sites at the moon’s south pole to quakes and landslides. The study, published in the Planetary Science Journal earlier this year, utilized data on moonquakes recorded by seismometers set up by Apollo moonwalkers over 50 years ago.
Implications for Future Lunar Infrastructure
The findings of this study have significant implications for the establishment of robotic landers and crewed Artemis missions at the moon’s south pole. The presence of active thrust faults in this region raises concerns about the potential for strong seismic events that could pose hazards to future exploration missions. As public and private entities look to build infrastructure on the lunar surface, the need for lunar-specific design criteria becomes increasingly apparent.
Developing Lunar Building Codes
Unlike terrestrial building codes, lunar building codes are currently non-existent, highlighting the need for guidelines specific to lunar construction. A Space Engineering and Construction committee under the American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE) Aerospace Division is working on developing a guideline document that includes seismic design criteria. This work aims to address site-specific requirements, minimum design force, and considerations for fatigue and service life in lunar structures.
Challenges and Opportunities in Lunar Engineering
Nerma Caluk, an intermediate designer and lunar specialist, emphasizes the importance of re-imagining terrestrial engineering practices to address the unique challenges posed by moonquakes. The duration and energy release of lunar seismic events differ from terrestrial earthquakes, requiring adaptive seismic systems for lunar structures. The ongoing NASA-funded research aims to bridge the knowledge gap in lunar seismic analysis and develop solutions to protect future lunar infrastructure.
Moonquake Effects on Structural Systems
Shallow moonquakes present a particular concern due to their high amplitude and energy release per event. While their magnitudes may be smaller than terrestrial earthquakes, they can still impact lunar infrastructure, potentially causing fatigue-induced cracks and affecting operational efficiency. Understanding the distinct structural properties of lunar materials and the effects of moonquakes on them is crucial for designing resilient lunar structures.
Future Directions in Lunar Seismology
Efforts to collect more data on moonquakes and their effects on lunar structures are essential for advancing our understanding of lunar seismic activity. The deployment of additional seismometers on future lunar missions, such as NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) missions, can provide valuable insights into local site conditions and inform the development of seismic protection systems. By incorporating terrestrial engineering expertise and innovative technologies, we can accelerate the progress of lunar infrastructure development.
Innovative Approaches to Lunar Construction
Space architects and engineering firms are pioneering new technologies for lunar construction, including regolith solidification techniques, 3D printing, and autonomous robotics. These advancements are crucial for establishing stable foundations for lunar structures and infrastructure. As industry alliances form to support the cislunar economy, collaboration on supply chain infrastructure and in-situ resource utilization will be essential for sustainable lunar development.
Addressing Challenges in Lunar Architecture
Honeybee Robotics is collaborating with DARPA on a lunar architecture study to develop tall tower concepts like the LUNARSABER for energy redistribution on the moon. These towers must be designed to withstand moonquakes and ensure long-term stability in the lunar regolith. Site selection plays a critical role in mitigating the risks posed by moonquakes to tall infrastructure, emphasizing the need for rigorous planning and engineering solutions.
Closing Thoughts on Lunar Infrastructure Development
As NASA’s Artemis program aims to establish a permanent presence on the moon, the safety and stability of lunar infrastructure become paramount. By integrating best practices from terrestrial engineering and advancing lunar-specific design criteria, we can accelerate the development of resilient lunar structures. With a focus on innovation, collaboration, and sustainability, we can pave the way for a successful future of lunar exploration and habitation.
