Most humans today spend the majority of their time indoors, but Neanderthals, who lived over 520,000 years ago, spent most of their time outdoors. The origins of Neanderthals are believed to be in Africa, with migration to Europe occurring later on. Unfortunately, Neanderthals went extinct around 40,000 years ago, leaving little physical evidence behind for scientists to study.
When it comes to where Neanderthals lived, they were known to inhabit naturally occurring rock shelters. These shelters provided protection from the elements, such as wind, rain, and sun. Additionally, Neanderthals were found in open-air sites like fields, forests, and valleys. Despite these findings, there is no concrete evidence that Neanderthals were able to construct their own shelters like huts or tents.
Although it remains uncertain whether Neanderthals built shelters for themselves, researchers like Amy E. Clark suggest that primate behavior can offer some insights. Great apes, for example, weave nests from materials available to them. Similarly, Neanderthals may have created nests for thermoregulation, helping them stay warm at night in open-air sites or rock shelters.
The debate over whether Neanderthals used fire is another topic of discussion among scientists. While there is evidence of fire in rock shelters, it is unclear whether Neanderthals could start fires themselves or if they had to rely on natural sources. The archaeological record does not provide a definitive answer, leaving researchers to speculate on the significance of fire in Neanderthal life.
Rock formations have provided some clues about how Neanderthals may have used their surroundings for shelter. Scientists have identified intentional rock formations near open-air sites, which may have served as wind breaks. These formations could have helped Neanderthals regulate their body temperature and protect their nests from the elements.
Despite the lack of physical evidence, researchers continue to study Neanderthal behavior and living spaces in order to gain a better understanding of our ancient relatives. The mystery surrounding Neanderthal dwellings offers a glimpse into the resourcefulness and adaptability of these early humans, shedding light on their daily lives and survival strategies.
