Recognition and treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults have been improving over time. In the past, there was a misconception that ADHD was a childhood disorder that individuals would outgrow as they became adults. However, multiple studies have now shown that ADHD often continues into adulthood, with an estimated prevalence of around 2.5 to 3 percent in adults compared to 5 to 6 percent in children.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013 made it easier to diagnose ADHD in adults by acknowledging that symptoms may look different as people age. Adults can have five symptoms instead of the six required in children, although some symptoms must be present before the age of 12. This shift has led to the development of guidelines for diagnosing and treating ADHD in adults by the American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders.
In adults, ADHD can manifest differently than in children. Grown-ups may struggle with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, making it challenging to complete tasks at work, focus during meetings, manage finances, or maintain relationships. Despite the prevalence of ADHD in adults, many individuals are not screened or diagnosed, leading to a lack of treatment for those who could benefit from it.
While some people may outgrow ADHD, it is more common for symptoms to fluctuate over time. Environmental factors, stress levels, and individual coping mechanisms can impact the severity of ADHD symptoms. Additionally, research suggests that cases of adult-onset ADHD are rare, with most instances being either misdiagnoses or overlooked childhood symptoms.
For individuals diagnosed with ADHD, medication is a common treatment option, typically stimulants like Ritalin. However, many adults discontinue medication within the first year due to various factors such as cost, lack of specialized providers, and the transition from pediatric to adult care. This discontinuation can lead to other health issues such as hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, substance use, and sleep problems.
Despite the challenges, the awareness of adult ADHD within the medical community is increasing, leading to better chances of professional diagnosis and treatment. With proper support and intervention, adults with ADHD can experience life-changing improvements in their daily functioning and overall well-being. It is essential for individuals experiencing difficulties to seek help and explore treatment options tailored to their needs.