Exploring the History of Ancient Roman Tourism
During the peak of the summer tourism season, residents in Barcelona expressed their frustration through protests aimed at the influx of tourists. Signs reading “tourists go home” were carried through the streets, and some protestors even resorted to using water guns to disrupt diners at packed restaurants. This phenomenon of overtourism is not a new one, but rather a recurring issue that has roots in ancient times.
Ancient tourism is a concept that dates back thousands of years, with similarities to modern-day travel patterns. Like contemporary tourists, ancient travelers followed established itineraries and visited popular destinations. However, their behavior sometimes led to tensions with local residents, much like the protests seen in Barcelona today.
The reign of Emperor Augustus in Rome from 27 B.C.E. to 14 A.D. sheds light on the travel practices of the ancients. Evidence of Augustan tourism has been found in locations such as Egypt, Greece, modern-day Turkiye, and Sicily. Loykie Lominé, an associate lecturer at The Open University in England, notes that these destinations remain popular today, highlighting the enduring appeal of cultural, educational, and religious tourism.
Ancient tourists, including those from the Augustan era, shared a desire for keepsakes from their travels. While they did not bring back traditional souvenirs like snow globes or shot glasses, they collected items that reflected their journeys and personal interests. Small figures or medallions dedicated to deities such as Apollo, Diana, and Jupiter were common souvenirs, along with jewelry and scrolls made from parchment or papyrus.
The tourism industry in ancient times catered primarily to the elite members of society who had the means to travel for leisure. Evidence suggests the presence of rest stops, inns, and commercial taverns that serviced travelers needing a break, supplies, or care for their horses. Letters from figures like Cicero provide insights into the lifestyle of the affluent, who viewed travel as a leisurely pursuit.
Not all ancient tourists were model visitors, as evidenced by graffiti left on Egyptian monuments by Roman travelers. These inscriptions, including phrases like “Apollonius was here,” reveal a playful and sometimes disruptive side to ancient tourism. The limited literacy rates among Augustan society meant that only a select few could leave their mark in this manner.
Some ancient Romans sought respite from the urban hustle and bustle by traveling to beach resorts during the summer months. These resorts, complete with villas and shops, offered a getaway for those seeking relaxation by the sea. However, not everyone welcomed the influx of visitors, as evidenced by philosopher Seneca the Younger’s complaints about rowdy beachgoers in 51 A.D.
Ancient Egypt also served as a tourism hotspot dating back to 1500 B.C.E., with the Nile Valley playing a significant role in attracting visitors. The valley’s resources allowed for the construction of tombs and temples as early as 2,700 B.C.E., making it an appealing destination for travelers. By 1,500 B.C.E., certain sites in Egypt were already centuries old, further solidifying its status as a historical and cultural hub.
Festivals in ancient Greece drew travelers from far and wide, with events like the Isthmian festival in honor of Poseidon attracting participants from distant Greek colonies. These festivals offered a blend of athletic competitions, musical performances, and cultural activities, making them a popular draw for ancient tourists seeking entertainment and camaraderie.
While elite travelers in Augustan society left behind documented evidence of their journeys, other less prominent travelers also contributed to the development of tourism. Army officers, provincial governors, merchants, and pilgrims played their part in shaping the tourism landscape of ancient times, even if their names and stories have been largely forgotten.
In conclusion, the history of ancient Roman tourism offers valuable insights into the origins of leisure travel and the enduring appeal of cultural exploration. From souvenir hunting to festival attendance, ancient tourists shared many similarities with their modern counterparts, highlighting the timeless nature of human curiosity and wanderlust.