Communities throughout the United States have been adding fluoride to their tap water for years, with the aim of improving dental health and preventing tooth decay. However, recent misinformation about the safety of fluoride has led to concerns and calls for its removal from public drinking water. This issue gained attention when Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. referred to fluoride as “industrial waste” and raised unfounded claims about its potential harms.
Despite these concerns, numerous studies have shown that water fluoridation is a safe and effective way to prevent tooth decay, especially in communities with limited access to dental care. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend a fluoride concentration of 0.7 milligrams per liter of water, which has been shown to significantly reduce rates of cavities in both children and adults. While other sources of fluoride, such as toothpaste and beverages, have also contributed to improved dental health, community water fluoridation remains an important public health measure.
However, excessive fluoride exposure in children can lead to dental fluorosis, a condition that affects the appearance and strength of tooth enamel. To prevent severe cases of dental fluorosis, the Environmental Protection Agency requires public water systems to monitor fluoride levels and provide warnings if levels exceed 2 milligrams per liter. Skeletal fluorosis, a condition characterized by weakened bones, is rare in the U.S. due to regulations on fluoride levels in public water supplies.
Recent studies linking fluoride exposure to lower IQ scores have raised concerns, but experts emphasize that these findings are based on research conducted in areas with much higher fluoride concentrations than those found in U.S. water supplies. The National Toxicology Program’s report on the potential harms of fluoride at concentrations of 1.5 milligrams per liter has faced criticism for its methodology and lack of scientific rigor.
In communities where water fluoridation has been discontinued, studies have shown an increase in cavities, particularly among children. Experts warn that marginalized populations, including those with low incomes or pre-existing dental conditions, may be disproportionately affected by the removal of fluoride from public water supplies. To mitigate these effects, public health efforts should focus on promoting good dental hygiene practices, such as regular brushing with fluoride toothpaste and limiting sugar intake.
While alternative toothpaste products like hydroxyapatite have shown promise, more research is needed to determine their effectiveness compared to fluoride toothpaste. Public health experts stress the importance of evidence-based practices and caution against the spread of misinformation that could undermine effective health interventions, such as water fluoridation. By staying informed and relying on reputable sources of information, individuals can make informed decisions about their dental health and contribute to overall community well-being.