Mount Everest, the tallest mountain on Earth, has been growing steadily over the past 89,000 years. Scientists have discovered that the mountain’s growth is due to the unique water system that surrounds it. The Arun River, which joins with another nearby river, has created the deep Arun Gorge near Everest. The river network located about 46 miles from the mountain is eroding the gorge, causing Mount Everest to rise by as much as two millimetres a year.
Researchers, including PhD student Adam Smith from UCL Earth Sciences, have found that as the nearby river system continues to cut deeper into the gorge, the loss of material is causing the mountain to rise even further. This process of upward movement is known as isostatic rebound, where the Earth’s crust slowly rises due to the removal of sediment. This phenomenon has led to Mount Everest’s continuous growth.
The unique topography of the area, characterized by the upstream Arun river flowing at a high altitude with a flat valley that suddenly turns south as the Koshi river, is closely linked to Everest’s extreme height. This interesting river system has contributed to the growth not only of Mount Everest but also of neighboring peaks such as Lhotse and Makalu, the fourth and fifth highest mountains in the world, respectively.
The gradual increase in height of Mount Everest is a testament to the dynamic geological processes that shape our planet. As the Arun River continues to erode the surrounding landscape, Mount Everest will likely continue to rise, adding to its legendary status as the tallest mountain on Earth. Adventurers traveling to Everest’s base camp often traverse parts of the Koshi river, experiencing firsthand the geological forces that have shaped this iconic mountain over millennia.
This ongoing research sheds light on the intricate relationship between rivers, mountains, and the Earth’s crust. Understanding the mechanisms behind Mount Everest’s growth not only enhances our knowledge of geological processes but also provides valuable insights into how our planet continues to evolve. As scientists delve deeper into the mysteries of Mount Everest, new discoveries are waiting to be unearthed, unraveling the secrets of one of the world’s most awe-inspiring natural wonders.